They may also be used to support the Community of SantEgidios facilitation of South Sudan peace talks. In January 2021, the government finalized and disseminated national SOPs for trafficking victim identification, referral, and protection to all front-line agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts; implementation was ongoing at the end of the reporting period. During lockdown, traffickers in the Amazon in Brazil changed their patterns by sending child sex trafficking victims to the perpetrators private quarters or specific locations instead of the usual places where children were sold to perpetrators. Hong Kong Guinea The government provided Aarav and the other victims support in the aftermath of the raid. Crises disproportionately affect the most vulnerable, exacerbating the conditions for victims of human trafficking and increasing the risk of human trafficking for others. Handbook How to prevent human trafficking for domestic servitude in diplomatic households and protect private domestic workers (2014): Uniform Guidelines for the Identification and Referral of Victims of Human Trafficking within the Migrant and Refugee Reception Framework in the OSCE Region, Model Guidelines on Government Measures to Prevent Trafficking for Labour Exploitation in Supply Chains (2018), The Critical Role of Civil Society in Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2018), From Reception to Recognition: Identifying and Protecting Human Trafficking Victims in Mixed Migration Flows (2018), Child Trafficking and Child Protection: Ensuring that Child Protection Mechanisms Protect the Rights and Meet the Needs of Child Victims of Human Trafficking (2018), 2020 Report of the Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, OSCE Compendium Database, an easy way to access information on prevention of labour exploitation in supply chains, now accessible online (2021), OSCE: International Survivors of Trafficking Advisory Council (2021), Trafficking in Persons in the SADC Region: A Baseline Report (2016), Trafficking in Persons in the SADC Region: Policy Brief (2016), Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons: Lessons from the SADC Region Booklet (2017). Prioritize and institutionalize survivor engagement by creating a budget line within the organization for consultations with lived experience experts. The 2021 CSPA List Includes Governments of the Following Countries: Afghanistan At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Page 23: Picture Alliance UNODCs partner NGOs that work on human trafficking reported that pandemic-related measures led their beneficiaries to lose income and access to food. A complete list that includes all of the countries covered by the 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report is available at: https://www.state.gov/international-conventions-relevant-to-combating-trafficking-in-persons/. Despite the projects and millions of dollars spent by the US to combat human trafficking in TT and in the region, the 2022 TIP report still noted TT had not made a single conviction under the 2011 human trafficking laws. These courageous efforts have pushed the government to start identifying these individuals as human trafficking victims. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022. Unfortunately, enduring misconceptions about human trafficking have helped misinformation and rumors about the crime spread rapidly throughout communities and through social media, particularly in the United States. Many of these migrant workers must abide by the kafala system, in effect mostly in the Gulf states (Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Jordan, and Lebanon. Nonetheless, the challenges uncovered by COVID-19 are monumental and may be long lasting, requiring sustained collaboration among governments, civil society organizations, private sector leaders, survivor leaders, and other anti-trafficking actors to adjust and respond aptly to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, familial trafficking situations may have prevented survivors from developing key healthy social skills, including how to make and maintain friends, relate to other children and adults, ask for assistance, and recognize their own self-worth. Other collaborative efforts have provided anti-trafficking stakeholders, including service providers, investigators, prosecutors, and first responders, with the tools, equipment, and guidance to protect themselves against and screen for the virus, which is essential to ensuring the health and safety of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations. These can include serious harm, psychosocial harm, reputational harm, threats to others, and debt manipulation. Slovak Republic Page 2: Katie Orlinsyky Mali These include the creation of Labor Dispute Resolution Committees, the opening of the first and only shelter in the country for human trafficking victims, the removal of exit permit requirements for migrant workers, implementation of the minimum wage, and abolishment of the No Objection Certificate (migrant workers were previously required to obtain these certificates from their employer to transfer to another employer). The government also reportedly placed ethnic Tibetans in vocational training and manufacturing jobs as part of an ostensible poverty alleviation and labor transfer program that featured overt coercive elements. From there, Joriz exploited Benilda in another form of sex trafficking by forcing her to engage in commercial sex acts at local hotels. Steven Davis PKO and IMET funding for DRC would enable the United States to continue to work to increase professionalization of the military, allowing it to provide security within its territory without resorting to violations or abuses of human rights or violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). Further, financial institutions can engage with survivors of human trafficking to inform their efforts, including on the development of training programs to enhance the ability of frontline staff and other industry professionals to detect transactions connected to human trafficking, how and when to intervene, and how to determine when a third party is benefitting from the exploitation of another. Ecuador IOM conducted rapid assessments in various countries to address the multiple effects of the pandemic on populations vulnerable to trafficking, such as the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on labor migration in the Pacific Region. b. participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. Others leveraged technology to drive innovative solutions. 9. Systemic discrimination creates inequities between communities, whether the discrimination targets perceptions of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender identity, or any other social identities. When Mei returned to Xinjiang Region in China to visit her ill father, Chinese officials stopped her at the border with Kazakhstan and seized her passport. Some governments expanded protective services, such as admitting live teleconference testimony in court or providing victims the option to testify remotely to avoid interacting with their traffickers. For example, IOM has developed resources for its staff to incorporate anti-trafficking into its own work in humanitarian and other emergency settings. In these cases, the childs inherent loyalty to and reliance on the family structure make familial trafficking difficult to identify and challenging to prosecute. Service providers should continue information-sharing efforts to develop and promote promising practices for supporting identified victims and vulnerable populations during the pandemic. Rumors and theories that a global cabal of politicians and celebrities are exploiting children, that companies selling furniture or other high-priced items online are also selling missing children, or that phishing texts are tricking people into human trafficking schemes are all unfounded and perpetuate false narratives about the realities of human trafficking. Brooke Beyer Accordingly, it is in the United States national interest to continue to pursue these lines of effort. This report is submitted in accordance with section 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Page 619: Picture Alliance Freedom Mushaw Observers noted the judiciarys broad discretion and inconsistency in granting bail, as well as reports of fraud and corruption within the bail process, engendered concomitant recidivism (repeat offences), victim re-traumatisation and a perception of impunity.. Page iii: Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos A crucial step for combating human trafficking in and out of the pandemic context is establishing specialized trafficking committees, offices, and/or units committed to ensuring anti-trafficking efforts are maintained and resources are less likely to be diverted. It reflects on the lessons learned from practitioners and offers considerations to rebuild momentum through coordinated anti-trafficking strategies. Additionally, traffickers sought to re-exploit survivors who became financially unstable and vulnerable to revictimization. Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. Anna Cornacchio Building the capacity of the Republic of Yemen Government to meet these goals furthers important U.S. government security interests to include enhancing homeland security, while simultaneously moving toward the goal of ending the war in Yemen. Kerry McBride A UN body also reported that the GOI provided training to security forces against child soldiering during the reporting period. Whether the government of the country vigorously investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences public officials, including diplomats and soldiers, who participate in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals of the country who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission who engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and takes all appropriate measures against officials who condone or enable such trafficking. For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered an indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. The rebels kidnapped and took Salih and his peers to the Houthi home base. While they may look slightly different depending on their particular function, the country in which they operate, or the level of resources available, effective child-friendly spaces often share common features that can be replicated as promising practices. Most well-known is the hospitality industry, but the crime also occurs in connection with extractive industries where activities are often remote and lack meaningful government presence. Such policies have resulted in an ongoing disproportionate number of Native children in the child welfare system, increasing their vulnerability to human trafficking. Governments, donors, and civil society organizations faced practical and ethical dilemmas reconciling pandemic mitigation strategies with the implementation of anti-trafficking activities. Page 36: Getty-Ina Fassbender/Contributor Gabon Belgium Prosecutors typically conducted interviews with victims virtually and less frequently to prevent re-traumatization. Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house. The steps include continuing to support during the reporting period the UN Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) Action Plan to end use and recruitment of child soldiers. Niger Whether the government of the country has adopted measures to prevent severe forms of trafficking in persons, such as measures to inform and educate the public, including potential victims, about the causes and consequences of severe forms of trafficking in persons, measures to establish the identity of local populations, including birth registration, citizenship, and nationality, measures to ensure that its nationals who are deployed abroad as part of a diplomatic, peacekeeping, or other similar mission do not engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, a transparent system for remediating or punishing such public officials as a deterrent, measures to prevent the use of forced labor or child labor in violation of international standards, effective bilateral, multilateral, or regional information sharing and cooperation arrangements with other countries, and effective policies or laws regulating foreign labor recruiters and holding them civilly and criminally liable for fraudulent recruiting. As the anti-trafficking community has grappled with how to integrate these ideals, it often conflates them. It also organized a workshop on managing and mitigating TIP risks in procurement for ODIHR. More than 200 countries have agreed to implement the FATF Recommendations, which require member countries to identify, assess, and understand money laundering and illicit finance risks and to mitigate those risks. We must ensure that our commitment to victim-centered and trauma- and survivor-informed approaches when serving victims and survivors is uninterrupted. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. Co Chairs Statements of the first (2002), second (2003), third (2009), fourth (2011), fifth (2013), sixth (2016) and seventh (2018) Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference of the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (2018) Policy Guides & Handbooks: Bali Process Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, Agreement on the Cooperation of the CIS Member States in Combating Trafficking in Persons, Human Organs and Tissues (2005), COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (2004), United Nations Action for Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons, A Vision for the Baltic Sea region by 2020, CBSS Summit 2010, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings (TF-THB), COE Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005), ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, Directive 2011/36/EU on Combating and Preventing Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims EU Anti-Trafficking Action 2017-2019, European Union Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, FATF REPORT Financial Flows from Human Trafficking (2018), Arab Framework Act on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2008), Work Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere 2010-2012 (AG/RES. Congo, Republic of the Aggregate data fluctuates from one year to the next due to the hidden nature of trafficking crimes, dynamic global events, shifts in government efforts, and a lack of uniformity in national reporting structures. The integration of a victim-centered approach into system-wide efforts on sexual exploitation and abuse, including risks to beneficiaries and others associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, was strengthened in 2020. Sarah Jennings For many people, human trafficking evokes images of women and children being forcibly taken and sold into sexual slavery by strangers, or of people locked in rooms or vehicles far from home. The Chinese government had a government policy or pattern of widespread forced labor, including through the continued mass arbitrary detention of more than one million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other Muslims in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). Design opportunities for survivors in the organization to receive continuing education on leadership and professional development. Often the people in the best position to identify a potential case of human trafficking are neighbors, family members, friends, or others close to victims or traffickers. IOM adapted its existing MigApp for migrant workers in the Americas to include a new section to highlight official health recommendations to prevent the spread of the virus, capture changes across countriessuch as border restrictions, COVID-19 hotlines, or migration status changesand produce surveys to better understand the COVID-related challenges migrants faced. Myrna E. Walch Inside Back Cover: Panos Pictures/Abbie Trayler- Smith. These images, however, do not capture the reality of most cases of sex and labor trafficking. Jasmine McClam South Sudan These goals are directly aligned with the National Security Strategy, Africa Strategy, Africa Bureau, and Mission Nigeria goals for security assistance. Catherine E. Kay Bemaka-Souis tireless leadership and her efforts to forge these institutional frameworks resulted in the critical foundation for the government to steadily improve its efforts to combat human trafficking. OSCE Alliance against Trafficking in Persons: Decision No. A trauma-informed approach should ultimately build trust and transparency between survivors and service providers, and it must also be responsive to gender, age, ethnic, and cultural differences. The justification for this determination and certification with respect to each country is set forth in this Memorandum. Syria Governments should protect and serve their citizensnot terrorize and subjugate them for profit. Living in abandoned places meant our cars were taken, we were mugged, we had our modest apartments broke intolife was hard. The Embassy will press the Nigerian government to improve the education of its armed forces on the laws and policy against the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers and to pay particular attention to remote outposts where such incidents are more likely to occur. UnderPooles strategic direction, MWLaddressesthe root causes of human trafficking, focusing oncommunitieswhereRoma, migrants, women, and childrenare most vulnerable. [Scroll bar is available at the bottom of the table. The coercive scheme can include threats of force, debt manipulation, withholding of pay, confiscation of identity documents, psychological coercion, reputational harm, manipulation of the use of addictive substances, threats to other people, or other forms of coercion. I cant compare one victims experience to anothers, but I will say that race can add an additional layer of oppression., A survivors account, However, he and his team at the Ministry have continued to strive toward the goal of increasing transparency and protections against forced labor for migrant workers. Peru I believe that is true here. Adrienne Sgarlato In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. Page 627: Panos/Dieter Telemans MANILA, Philippines (AP) Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on Thursday publicly named 46 government officials, including three congressmen, he said are involved in illegal drugs, and added that criminal investigations against them are underway. Applying an equity-based lens involves evaluating and understanding how individual organizations perpetuate the marginalization of vulnerable populations, including persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, indigenous peoples, and members of racial, ethnic, and religious minority groups. Cristina Narvaez Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: https://cbss.org/our-work/safe-secure-region/anti-trafficking/, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings Strategic Plan 2020-2025, Human Trafficking 2020 Baltic Sea Round-up Report, Guidelines for journalists reporting on cases of human trafficking: Media and Trafficking in Human Beings (2019), Task Force Against Trafficking in Human Beings, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/, Reports: https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, 9th General Report on GRETAs Activities (2019), https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, Guidance Note on the entitlement of victims of trafficking, and persons at risk of being trafficked, to international protection, Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ECOWAS Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001), Joint ECOWAS/ECCAS Regional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2008), http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/index.action, Third report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2020) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/content/images/Human-Trafficking-2018.pdf, Arab Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2010, Comprehensive Arab Strategy for Combating, Trafficking in Human Beings (CASCTHB), Council of Arab Ministers of Justice Resolution 15/2/2012, http://www.oas.org/dsp/english/cpo_trata_dia_mundial.asp, Second Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemi-sphere 2015-2018 (extended to 2020), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons Declaration of Mexico (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. After four years and three promotions at work, I was told, you are too gay; if you want to continue working here, you will go back in the closet. I figured within the previous two months I had already lost my house, my family, and my college scholarshipat that point, what was my job? Page 40: Picture Alliance The way survivors in leadership positions are treated should mirror the way that staff members without lived experience of human trafficking are treated, and vice versa. Recognize that trauma is not unique to an individual who identifies as a survivor leader; it has affected the entire team in distinct ways. Korea, North The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. Jennifer M. Ho Burkina Faso Those with lived experience help run the mobile units, and they are able to effectively identify and approach potential trafficking victims. Because a child in this situation is often trained not to report what is happening, interactions with adults who might otherwise notice a problem or identify the child as vulnerable, such as teachers, neighbors, doctors, and other adults in the community, instead see the child as shy or failing to thrive. Then the church started the process of ex-communication to revoke my college scholarships because they believed I was willingly living my life in sin. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience of human trafficking, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products. In fiscal year 2020, ICE arrested 1,746 individuals in connection with human trafficking and identified and assisted more than 400 victims. With so many disappeared into and abused within this system, entire communities in Xinjiangcommunities with rich histories and immeasurable cultural significancehave become ghost towns. That was the year Matthew Shepard was beaten and left for dead hanging on a fence. To maintain momentum and coordination in implementation, the Secretary-General extended the mandate of the Special Coordinator on improving the UN response to sexual exploitation and abuse until 31 December 2021. Section 3. This must include coming to terms with our role in having perpetuated violence and dehumanized people, and we must work to right these past wrongs. The circumstances of LGBTQI+ individuals, including threats of public disclosure of their sexual orientation or gender identity, are not isolated to foreign countries. Comoros There were always lies, and it was never as glamorous as we were promised. Indeed, in many places the diversion of law enforcement attention from human trafficking toward enforcing pandemic-related measures has resulted in other community actors carrying out identification efforts, often in ways that are more culturally responsive and less likely to re-traumatize victims. When a White person goes missing, you hear about it every five minutes. NOTES: Local currencies have been converted to U.S. dollars ($) using the currency exchange rates reported by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on December 31, 2020. Joshua Youle the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. Rather, a Tier 1 ranking indicates that a government has made efforts to address the problem that meet the TVPAs minimum standards. Panama The Staff of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Is: Hadiyyah A. 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